PROJECT BLUE BOOK

UFO Briefing
Training School
K243,6012-23
58/0000-63/$1/76 7.3745 -384
1003847
RETURN TO
USAF Historical Archives
ASI(ASHAF-A)
Maxwell AFB, Ala 36112

son who receives al information and/or j. Whenever possible, selecting as a
prepares the report. The usefulness and value sighting investigator an individual with a scien-
of any report or investigation depend on the ac- tific or technical background as well as expe-
curacy and timeliness of its contents. Following rience as an investigator.
are aids for screening, evaluating, and report- k. Submission of reports on all sightings seven
ing sightings: though identification may be assumed by the
a. Careful study of the logic, consistency, and preparing officer under paragraph 16 of this regu-
coherence of the observer's report. An interview lation.
with the observer by personnel preparing the re-
port is especially valuable in determining the 5. Reporting UFO Information. Both the As-
source's reliability and the validity of the in- sistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Headquarters
formation given. Factors deserving particular USAF, and the Air Defense Command have a
attention are the observer's age, occupation, and direct and immediate interest in the facts per-
education, and whether his occupation involves taining to UFO's reported within the United
observation reporting or technical knowledge. States. All Air Force activities will conduct UFO
A report stating that a witness is completely fa- investigations to the extent necessary for their
miliar with certain aspects of a sighting should required reporting action (see paragraphs 14, 15,
indicate his or her specific qualifications. and 16). No activity should carry an investiga-
b. Theodolite measurements of changes b. Theodolite measurements of changes or tion beyond this point, unless the preparing offi-
azimuth, and elevation and angular size. cer believes the magnitude (intelligence signifi-
cance or public relations aspects) of the case
c. Interception, identification, or air search, if warrant full scale investigation. The officer may
appropriate and within the scope of air defense contact the FTD of AFSC (CLearwater 3-7111,
regulations. ext 69216/66378) at Wright-Patterson Air Force
d. When feasible, contact with local aircraft Base, Ohio, to obtain verbal authority for con-
control and warning units, and with tinued investigation.
at the time
and place of sighting. Also, SECTION B-PUBLIC RELATIONS.
other persons or organizations that may have INFORMATION, CONTACTS, AND
factual data on the UFO or can offer corrobo- RELEASES
rating evidence-visual, electronic, or other.
e. Consultation with military or civilian 6. Maintaining Public Relations. The Office of
weather forecasters for data on tracks of weather Information is responsible for:
balloons released in the area and any unusual a. In coordination with the AFSC (FTD)
meteorological activity which may have a bear- when necessary, maintaining contact with the
ing on the UFO. public and the press on all aspects of the UFO
f. Consultation with navigators and astrono- program and its related activities.
mers in the area to determine whether any as-
tronomical body or phenomenon would account b. Releasing information on UFO sightings
for the sighting. and results of investigations.
g. Contact with military and civilian tower c. Periodically releasing information on this
D operators, air operations units, and airlines to subject to the general public.
3

private individuals requesting c nents or re- sible for handling, screening, and processing in-
sults of analyses and investigations of sightings. itial, incoming UFO information, a summary
follows of the general sources
8. Exceptions. In response to local inquiries re- ports:
garding any UFO reported in the vicinity of an (1) Generally, initial UFO reports originate
Air Force base, the commander of the base con- from two sources:
cerned may release information to the press or (a) Civilian (airline, private, and pro-
the general public only after positive identifica- fessional pilots, tower operators, technical per-
tion of the sighting as a familiar or known ob- sonnel, casual observers, and the public in gen-
ject. The commander must exercise care not to eral), by correspondence, telephone or personal
reveal any classified aspects of the sighting or interview;
names of persons making reports. (See paragraph (b) Military units and personnel (pilots,
17. If the sighting is unexplainable or difficult observers, radar operators, aircraft control and
to identify, because of insufficient information or warning units, etc.), by telephone, electrical mes-
inconsistencies, the only statement to be released sage, or personal interview;
is the fact that the sighting is under investiga-
tion and information regarding it will be avail- (2) Generally, UFO reports received from
able at a later date. After completion of inves- civilian sources are of two types:
tigative action, the commander may release the (a) Those referring strictly to an ob-
fact that the AFSC (FTD) will review and an- served UFO, containing either detailed or meager
He will information:
ing a UFO sighting, Air Force activities will primary interest to the Office of Information.
make every effort to assure that the statements, UFO data sufficient for investigation and/or
theories, opinions, and allegations of these indi- analysis may be extracted before referral to that
viduals or groups are not associated with or office.
represented as official information.
10. Contacts. Private individuals or organiza- 12. Methods for Transmitting Reports:
tions desiring Air Force interviews, briefings, a. Together with necessary screenings and
lectures, or private discussions on UFO's will di- investigations to reporting, report
rect their requests to the Office of Information, all information on promptly. Electrical
Office of the Secretary of the Air Force. Air Force transmission with Priority" precedence is au-
personnel, other than those of the Office of In- thorized for reports under 3 days from date of
formation, will not contact private individuals sighting. Electrically transmitted reports over
on UFO cases, nor will they discuss their oper- outine" precedence.
ations and functions with unauthorized persons
unless so directed, and then only on a "need-to- b. Submit written reports of sightings over 3
know" basis. days old on AF Form 112, "Intelligence Report,"
4

dressed electrical reports to: b. Description of Course of Object(s):
(1) Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, Colo- (1) What first called the attention of ob-
rado server(s) to the object(s)?
() Nearest Air Division (Defense) (For (2) Angle or elevation and azimuth of ob-
United States only) ject (s) when first observed.
(3) Air I Force Systems Command, Foreign (3) Angle or elevation and azimuth of ob-
Technology Division, Wright-Patterson AFB, ject(s) upon disappearance.
Ohio () Description of flight path and maneu-
(4) Headquarters, USAF (AFCIN), Wash vers of object (s).
25 DC (5) How did the object(s) disappear? (In-
(5) Secretary Force (SAFOI), stantaneously to the North, etc.)
. Wash 25 DC
(6How long (were) the object(s) visible? (6How long (were) the object(s) visible?
b. Written Reports (Basic letters and AF letters and AF (Be specific, 5 minutes, 1 hour, etc.)
Form 112):
(1Basic Letters. Submit all letter reports 1Basic Letters. Submit all letter reports c. Manner of Observation:
direct to the AFSC (FTD). The AFSC direct to the AFSC (FTD). The AFSC (FTD) (FTD) (1) Use one or any combination of the fol- (1) Use one or any combination of the fol-
will distribute the reports to interested Intelli- lowing items: Ground-visual, air-visual, ground-
gence activities in the United States and to the electronic, air-electronic. (If electronic, specify
Office of Information, if necessary. type of radar.)
( AF Form 112. Submit original report, (2) Statement as to optical aids (telescopes,
as prescribed in "Intelligence Collection Instruc- binoculars, etc.) used and description thereof.
tion (ICI)," June 1954, direct to HQ USAF 3If the sightin occurred while air-borne,
(AFCIN) Wash 25 DC, and a copy to AFSC give type of aircraft, identification number, alti-
(FTD). tude, heading, speed, and home station.
c. Reports from Civilians. Where possible, ad-
vise civilian sources contemplating reporting d. Time and Date of Sighting:
UFO's to submit the report, for processing and (1) Zulu time-date group of sighting.
transmission, to the neares orce base.
) Light conditions. (Use one of the follow-
14. Basic Reporting ormat. Show ing terms: Night, day, dawn, dusk.)
the abbreviation "I ne beginning of the
text of all electrical reports and in the subject e. Location of Observer(s). Give exact lati-
of written reports. Include the required data in tude and longitude of observer, and/or
all reports, in the order shown below: geographical position. In electrical reports, give
a position with referen known landmark
a. Description of the Object(s): also, such as "2mi N of Deeville"; "3mi SW of
1) Shape. Blue Lake." Typographical errors or "garbling"
often occur in electrically transmitted messages,
(2) Size compared to a known objeet (use making location plots difficult or impossible.
0
5

(1) Observer(s) account of weather condi-
tions. than subsequent investigative personnel and
Report nearest AWS or U. S. analysts, who may be far removed from the area,
from and who may arrive too late to obtain vital data
Weather Bureau Office of wind direction and or the missing information necessary for firm
velocity in degrees and knots at surface, 6,000', conclusions.
10,000', 16,000', 20,000', 30,000', 50,000', and
80,000', if available. 17. Classification. Do not classify reports un-
3) Ceiling. less data requested in paragraph 14 require classi-
fication. Classify reports primarily to protect:
Visibility. a. Names of reporting UFO's and
sources
(5) Amount of cloud cover. other principals involved, if so requested by these
(6) Thunderstorms in area and quadrant in persons or considered necessary;
which located. b. Intelligence, investigative, intercept, or ana-
(7)Vertical temperature gradient. lytical methods or procedures;
h. Any other unusual activity or condition, c. Location of radar and other classified sites,
meteorological, astronomical, or otherwise, which units, and equipment;
might account for the sighting. d. Information on certain types, characteris-
i. Interception or identification action taken tics, and capabilities of classified aireraft, mis-
(such action is authorized whenever feasible, and siles, or devices that may be involved in the
in compliance with existing air defense direc- sighting.
tives). 18. Reporting Physical Evidence. Report
j. Location, approximate altitude, and general promptly the existence of physical evidence
releases in the area which might possibly account evidence forwarded to the AFSC (FTD) for the
for the sighting. attention of TD-E, Aerial Phenomena Branch.
k. Position title and comments of the prepar- a. Photographic:
ing officer, including his preliminary analysis of
the possible cause of the sighting(s). (See para- (1) Still Photographs. Forward the negative
graph 16.) and two prints. Title the prints and the negatives,
or indicate the place, time, and date of the inci-
1. Existence of physical evidence, such as ma- dent.
terials and photographs. () Motion Pictures. Obtain the original
15. Negative or Inapplicable Data. Even though film. Examine the film strip for apparent cuts,
the source does not provide, or an interviewer alterations, obliterations, or defects. In the re-
has not asked for specific information, do not use port comment on any irregularities, particularly
the words "negative" or "unidentified" before those received from other than official sources.
exhausting all logical leads to obtain the informa- (3) Supplemental Photographic Informa-
tion outlined under paragraph 14. For example, tion. Negatives and prints often are insufficient
information on weather conditions in the area, to provide certain valid data or to permit firm
as requested in paragraph 14g, is obtainable from conclusions. (See AFM 200-9a classified docu-
the local military or civilian weather facility. ment receiving limited distribution.) Information
Use the phrase "not applicable (N/A)" only that will aid in plotting or in estimating dis-
when the question does not apply to the particu- tances, apparent size and nature of object, prob-
lar sighting under investigation. able velocity, and movements includes:
6

AFR 200-2
• (a) Type and make of camera, 95-7. Classify radarscope photographs in accord-
(b) Type, focal length, and make of lens, ance with Section XII, AFR 205-1, 10 June 1960.
(c) Brand and type of film, NOTE: If possible, develop photographic film
(d) Shutter speed used, before forwarding. Mark any undeveloped film
(e) Lens opening used; that is, "f" stop, conspicuously to indicate this fact, to avoid de-
(f) Filters used, struction by exposure uring examinations en
g) Was tripod or solid stand used, route through mail channels to final addressees.
(h Was "panning" used,
(i) Exact direction camera was pointing b. Material. Each Air Force echelon receiving
with relation to true north, and its angle with suspected or ad cual UFO material will safeguard
respect to the ground. it in a mann revent any defacing or altera-
tions which might reduce its value for intelli-
(④) Other Camera Data. If supplemental gence examination and analysis.
information is unobtainable, the minimum cam-
era data required are the type of camera, and c. Photographs, Motion Pictures, and Nega-
the smallest and largest "f"'"stop and shutter- tives Submitted by Individuals. Individuals often
speed readings of the camera. submit photographic and motion picture ma-
terial as part of their UFO reports. All original
(5) Radar. Forward two copies of each still- material submitted will be returned to the indi-
camera photographic print. Title radarscope vidual after completion of necessary studies,
photographic prints in accordance with AFR analyses, and duplication by the Air Force.
By Order of the Secretary of the Air Force:
OFFICIaL: OfFICIaL: CURTIS E. LeMAY
Chief of Staff
R. J. PUGH
Colonel, USAF
Director of Administrative Services
•
7
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1962

. •
NOOTTVI ALITIULVS
HSHLO
1961
JANUARY Therg wore 13 caees whero
FEBRUARY sufficiant information was
MARCH pregented for ovaluation
APRIL OHMNO and no conclusion as to the
MAY cause was reached. These
JUNE are the 13 Unidontified's
JULY for I 1961. No evidence avail-
AUGUST 13 able indicated that the objoct
SEPTEIBER or objeots in thoso cases
OCTOBER wore interplanetnry or that
NOVENBER they constituted a thront to
DECIMBER the security of the United
TOTAL 70 69 States.
des 300 AON Dog TOT0L
ASTRO CASES 15 mp
Motcors 25 15 adV OH 4. 4 13 13 1 11 10 12 10 13 14 44 11S
Planots & Stars Stars 9 9 xand 4 44 5 14 3 24 3 38 38 4h 75 75
Other la La O S0 S 2d le_lf le If 0 0 O 6
Total 25 18 10 12 13 19 10 10 26 I4 16 8 199
a)Moon b)Including 7 Occultation of Rogulus c)Moon d)l case sunspot and 1 case
Wilson's Willson's Comet e)Aurora f)Parhelia g)Including g Occultation of Rogulus Occultation of Rogulus
h)Including Occultation of Regulus
-
OTHER CASES
Hoax's, Hallucinations, TOT0L
Unreliablo Reports and uep 300 AON D0e
Poychologically
attributed cagog 9 2 0 0
Missileo 2a 2b
Radar Analys
Miragos and Imt
Flares and T1
Roflections
Roflections (Phot om
Satollito Dec N O O O N O O O O O O O O NONO OO O NOOOOOO O MNOOOO O OOO OO OOO NO NO O O O O O O N N O O O NONNNHOOONONOOO MOOONOOOOOOONHO N MO O N N O O O O H O O O N NOONOOHOHOOONOO H N O O OO O O OOO O O O O HOOOOHHHOOOOO
N/C Contra: N H O O O N O N OO O O O NHHHOOHOOOOOO
Chaffe.
Eirds.
Ionticular
Ball Id
Searchlight
Poor Fhoto Proeos O 0
Physical Specimon Other
than Chaff). 3313899 oto ol \f fa44
TOTAL
a)Including Venus Probo b)Including NASA Sodium Shot

•
TOtaL
1960
JANUARY 22 There were 14 cases where
FEBRUARY 7 23 sufficient information was
MARCH 10 D/VNO+M∞∞ O 25 presented for evaluation
APRIL 17 0 38 and no conclusion as to the
MAY 10 40 cause of the sighting was
JUNE 19 5 41 reached. These represent
JULY 32 6 55 the Unidentified's 1960.
AUGUST 20 12 OOOMMHNN 55 No evidence presented during
SEPTEMBER 51 13 16 20 105 the year or preceding years
OCTOBER 20 7 11 7 50 indicated tha object or
NOVEMBER 13 5 3 30 objects were interplanetary,
DECEMBER 22 2 13 4 O 50 or that they constituted a
Total 230 60 21 101 88 20 14 534 threat to the security of
* (Including one ice fall with source unknown) the United States.
ASTRO CASES: deSt
Meteors $e,0
Planets Planets & Stars & Stars O ReNmo ump SnVm- 13 200m08 4 4 44 44
Other Other 019 O la la 1 1b 1c O 0 3 3
Total 7 10 10 17 19 32 20 $5\frac { { 1 }$ 51 20 13 22 230
aSub-sun aSub-sun b) Moon Aurora Aurora
OTHER CASES: OTHER CASES:
Hoax's, Hallucinations,
Unreliable Reports, & ran ae xe, xdv ump tne Sep Dt
Psychologically attributed Det AON Dec
cases. 2 1 O 0 O
Missiles 2 O 2O O
Reflectic 1 2 2 1
Satellite O O dagMmo+MtHO ONOHDOO 1
Mirages & O NOHO 2O 0 1 OOO
Radar Analys wx).. 0 O NNNOOOHONO NNOOOOOOO O OO
Flares 1 0 1 O
Birds. ONO 2 HOO 0 000O O
Photo (Len Aberration. Refl).. 0 1 O 1 O
Photo Emul 0 1 O O
Clouds.. 1 O O 1 0
Miscellaneou 2ab 0 O O 0 2jk 0 LL
Physical Objects... 1c 0 ld le 2fg2hi0 O
Total 8 7 5 9 4 620 7 3 4 88
a) Ceilomater Navy illumination exercise cChaff Piece of iron
e) Furnace slag Water beacon Sonobouy Furnace slag Parachute
j) Shotgun blast Contrail 1) Rotating beacon

•
ELITTELVS
1959
JANUARY
FEBRUARY 12 O 1959 STATISTICAL CHART
MARCH 15 O
APRIL 12 O (Compiled 1 Oct 1962)
MAY 12 0/v mo+tmgo0 O JNNONNM
JUNE 11 O
JULY 5 11 O .
AUGUST 9 6 O
SEPTEMBER 17 7 O
OCTOBER 16 11 O
NOVE-BER 12 0
DECEMBER 2 $6$ HE Q 10
TOTAL 144 O 12 3866
TOtaL
ASTRO CASES: ady
Meteors 10 11 AtptHon oso 101
Planets & Stars 7 4 5 3 1 Sny aol 200019 AONaMON 39
Other Other 3abc 3abc O O ld C o 4
Total 21 12 15 12 15 12 17 16 $1\frac2 }$ $\frac { 2 }$ $\{fra{4 }$ $\ra4}$
aSunspot b) Parhelia Parhelia )Moon Moon d) Aurora Aurora
OTHER CASES:
Hoax's, Hallucinations, Hoax's, Hallucinations, frenuen asnSny 4sndny Noa
Unreliable Reports, & Cases Reports, & Cases TTady ounp oune Atne
attributed Psychological
Causes: Causes 2 O 0 H2 1 2 3 13 13
Missiles Missile H3 1. 1 O 0 NOO HNO 2a 1 3b 14
Reflecti HMNO 2 3 1 O OHOOE 10
Spotlights, 1 O 2
Mirages and O 0 2 OOOOO
Radar Analysis 0 2cd le lf 1g 1h li lj 0 O
PhototAnalysi O 1k 2mn 1p O 1g 0 t+∞nmo
Physical Spec: 0 2rs lt O 0
Miscellaneous Zuv lw 0 O 3xyzO O
Flares... O 1# O
Total 6 3 7 5 11 17 2 1 72
a) NASA 9 Sodium shot NASA Balloon Rocket c)Equipment Malfunction d) ECM
e) Anomolous Propogation f) False Targets Surface ships Surface ships
i) Anamolous Propogation j) Weather Interference k) Static Electricity
m) No image on print n) Developing Flaw p)Sun glare on lens qFlaw in film
r) Anode s) Furnace slag t) glass uChaff vBall lightning wHaze layer
x) Lenticular cloud Ice fall *) Photo Flashbomb #Smokelight

•
SWTTELVS
ORTSY 2HO TIOL
1950
JAUARY .23 - 1958 STATISRICL OHART
FEBRUARY 17 O10 000
MARCH 13 CTEOONHNNONHS
20 (Compiled 15 Deo 1962)
AFAIL 20 12
MAY 12
JUNE 14
JULY 21 7
AUCUST 21 19
SMFTEBER 26 11
OCTOLER 29 10
NOVEMBER 15 6
DECEMBUR 17 2 0
TOTAL 228 104 104 17 12
4 g00s
tmp
ASTRO OASES
Meteors 17 15 12 16 ON 11
Stars & Flancts orholoos 2 1 3
Other S988928 In
Total 2U 62915172 291172
Total )ateba a)sun )larhetia a)sum
a)Moon a)Noon )2 cases Aurore, 1 case Furl )2 cases Aurore, 1 cane Fur
OTHER CAGES
Hoax's, Malluednatdone, Hoaxis, Malluednatdone,
Uuroldable Reports end tep 185 900 980 ADT D0e
Poychologiually attributed 4
CCUSOS......* ccusas..... 4r HO ONO O 1
11ss1les... HOO 2 0
Rofloctions, 0 1 0 0.02 0O
Ground Lights, Searchlights 2 7 1 0 1 0
Chaff..... 8 0 C L 0 1 2 0
Flares.... 0 10 0 O O 0 0 1
Contrails.... o 7 0 O C 0 2
Gunnery 0 1 0 1 7 0 0
Clouds.... 2 0 1 0 9 0 1. 2
1 O 0 C 0 0 1
Mas... I 0 1j 10
Phyalerl Spnci Ib le 14
Moto Annlyais 0 1g
AnamLous Fropogution (Radar) O 0 2 0
Radar Neather Inb:rforence 41 C 2
9 5 A 19 2. I
Anode b) liagouetor Float Valve d) ualt, Ordinanue shad Hoek
2) eather Dugy ) ricking Davice
Brass Tubing s) Rock h)
imulsion Flan Cunera leak (light) n) Roflaction within Lons
Im Bhion Flaw 2) Roflecbion Within i Lone

The comet's suraight il underwent rapid changes daring the weck beginning August lth, as shown in this sereuqictury
series by Paul H. Preo, Rochiester, New Yozk. and by Alan MeClere, Los Angries, Calitornis, Mr. Preo used a Ss-inch [/A
Eastera standard time Ang. 17. 8:35-8:5: Aig. 18. 8:35-9:00: and the sixih. Aug. 21. 8:409:06.
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2741. G. 6540. MSL TEST WG. 18. OCT.51. E&A
BALLOON. 45ft PLASTIC BALLOON IN FLIGHT.

V 1
1
- .
8 9
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RADIOSONDE MODULATOR
AND TRANSMITTER WITH
LIGHT ATTACHED.
DAY PHOTO GRAPH

n000
DARKNESS
PORTION OF BALLOON VISIBLE AIRCRAFT OBSERWING
OFTEN APPEARS DISC OR AS ONLY PORTION
SSAUCER SLAPED OFBALLOON
SUN BEIND BORE2OE SUN BEIND HOREZOE BALLOON AT KEDIUN BALLOON AP MEDIUN
OR HICH ALTITUER
1
GROWD OBSEWER OBSEWER
THIS SEGTOR OF THE SEYIE SUNLIGHT
sana exaggerated to emphasize
4=4
K

EANNCHED 25 201 1952-5 NOURS
LAGNCNEB 1 JUL 3952-5 DATS
BALLOON TRACKS
LAUNCHED 23 JUL 19S2-2 DAYS
LAUMCHED 13 101 1952-10 DAYS
LAUNCHED 10 JAN 195S-2 DAYS TMÉN LOST
LAUNCHED 8 JAN 1953-4 DAYS
LAUNCHED 10 JUL 1952-12 HOURS
LAUNCHED 1T JUL 19S2-4 DAYS
SIGNTED AND REPORTED AS UNIDENTIFIED PLYIMG OBJECTS
LAUNCHED 2 SEP 1952-3 DAYS
J

the with a code
name of "SIGN. The code name s changed to the code name "GRUDGE"
on 16 December 1948. report released in February l949 covering analysis
of the first 273 incidents concluded that, while no definite and conclusive
evidence existed, evalua eports of unidentified objects was a neces-
sary activit gence Agencies.
After the Projec Report, work continued along the same lines and a
Project was published and released in August 1949 by AMC.
This report contained analysis of 244 cases and concluded that Unidentified
Flying Objects ports resulted from:
objects, b mass hysteria or "War Nerves", c) hoaxes and/or d) Psychopathe-
logical persons. Based upon these conclusions AMC recommended logical persons. Based upon these conclusions AM commended that invest- that invest-
igation and study of this type of f report be reduced n scope. Major portions
of this work were performed under contract by Ohio State University,
Professor Hynek (P esent Consultant to AF on Project B. Book), The Rand
Corporation, Valley, Dr. Paul Fitts, Air Weathe rvice, 3610th
Electronic Section and the Weather Bureau.
Following publication of the "GRUDGE" to
investigate sightings, inasmuch as it is an Air Force responsibility to
identify and analyze Aérial Phenomena that could possibly be a menace e to
the United States. Much of the Scientific and Technical work during 1950
and l95l centered around Project "Twinkle" and the Green Fireball studies
of Dr. LaPaz in the Southwestern United States. Project "Twinkle" Final
Report was completed on 27 December 195l. During December 1951 Colonel
Kirkland and It . Ruppelt made visit to Battelle Memorial Institute to dis-
cuss the feasability of a scientific study from the data collected since
the program's inception. Thus, Project Blue Book's Special Report #14 came
into being.

vicinity of Mt. Snnior, Nashington. Mr. Arnold, in one intor.
viuw duserlhed the action of tne objects as "like saucors skipping
on Water," Nowsvarar renorts ot this intoryiow refarred to the
objects as rg" and thus we entored tne er'n of uni-
dentifled fivd bist s or Uro's.  The Air Foree wnd easignod
the responsibil ity for deternining the cause for these unidenti-
fied fli ing objeots and a projeet wns eatabltgbed in late lg47.
This project was initially identified as "slgn"; but, subgequently,
the name was changed to "Grodae," then to "hLue voot" Its present
designation.
II. Objectives of Program
TheI project F has three objectives-.
1. To detornine of Uro's conatituto a threat to our national
security,
2. To determine. say inforwation of a techndenl or soienti-
fic aature is avallabls from n UFO's, and
AFR Roo-2 which is the Air Force Directive rugardinz UFO's,
assiaus the rosponsibiiit, for raportlug ahd inveettghtiug UPO
sightings to the Air Force bsse nearest the incidout. The Base
Commander uormally asdtgas the uro program to lls aotelligoney
function; therefore, wany of you may find yoursalves luvolved
in this prouran after asalgement.
AFR 200-3 spells out the srecifie requirements for Uro
reports. The elements of the report format is also a good guide
as to what facts a st be d ternined wben lnvdsligating a sighting.
A good investigator will gather as much data as possible and
at the same time, gather information which will onsble him to

policy.
written and the final publication was distributed August This reg-
ulation states the purpose investigative procedur relating to
release of information. Special Report March 1954.
It concluded that on the basis of the observations reported to the Air Force
it was highly improbable that any of ese reports represent observati ons of
technological developments outside the range of present day scientific know-
ledge. In accordance with the recommendations of the Scientific Panel and
provisions for release of information outlined in AFR 2Oo-a the report was
declassified and released to the general public on 5 May l955. May 1955.
After l955 the project concerned itself with investigation of sightings, After 1955 the project concerned itself with investigation of sightings,
evaluation of the data and release of information to proper news media.
This information is given to the public in the form of a news release cal-
led the "FACT SHEET". These, or similar releases have been made periodical-
ly since 1955. All data collected has been in accordance with the conclusions
of the Scientific Panel in January Stil1 , the
had remained in the has recessitated many conferences and
briefings among Military, Civilian. Scientific, and Congressional members.
Among the most significant of these are: a) 4 October 1956, The General
Lewis Special Briefing, b) 16 September 1957, Defence Science Board Briefing,
, McClellan Sub-Committee Briefing, d 8 August'l958,
McCormack Sub-Committee Briefing,e February 19 9, Washington Policy
Meetings and f) 1l - 15 5July 196l, Congressional Briefing (M Robert Smart).

fore the load carried by the Air Force. Also, various studies have
been made to transfer the project organizations within the Air
Force.
CURRENT SITUATION: PerSOnnel
receipt of UFO reports investigation analysis of these reports and
maintenance of research and correspondence files. In addition, inform-
ation supplied to SAFOI-CC upOn wh a reply to more than
2,000 letters a year from individuals equesting information on the UFO
program. From 1962 1965 the files were reviewed and placed in a standard
format. Statistics were recomputed on the basis of the actual case files.
The fact sheet was revised to provide information most often requested
by individuals and to disseminate the yearly statistics. Periodic case
summaries on cases or public interest are released. The current AFR 200-2
is under revision. Present Project Officer is Major Hector Quintanilla, Jr.

• .
UFO
Air Force Regulation 2oo-2 establishes the UFO program
to investigate and analyze UFOs the United States.
Such investigation and analysis are directly related
to Air Force responsibility for the defense of the to Air Force responsibility for the defense of the
United States. United States.

• .
OBJECTIVES
Air Force interest in UFOs is three fold:
1. To determine if UFO phenomena presents a threat
the security United States.
2. To determine
technological advances which which could could be channeled be channeled
into Research and Development. Development.
3. stimulus which caused
the observer to submit his report as an unidentified report as an unidentified
flying object. flying g object.

.
EXTRACT
AFR 200-2
14. Basic Reporting Data and Format. Show the abbreviation "UFO" at the
beginning of the text of all electrical reports and
written reports. Include the in all reports, in the order
shown below:
a. Description of the Object(s):
(1) s Shape.
terms: Head of a pin, pea, dime, nickel, quarter, half dollar, silver
dollar, baseball, grapefruit, basketballheld I in the hand in the hand at about at about
arm's length. arm's length.
(3) Color.
(4) Number. Number.
(5) (5) Formation, if more than one. Formation if
6) Any discernible eatures details.
(7) Tail, trail, or exhaust, including size of same compared
to size of object(s).
(8) Sound; if heard, describe sound.
(9) unusual features.
b. Description
(1) What first called the attention of observer(s) to the
object(s)

(2) Angle or elevation and azimuth of object(s) when first
observed.
(3) Angle or elevation and azimuth of object(s) upon disappear-
ance.
(4) Description of flight path and i
(5) How did the object(s) disappear? (Instantaneously the
North, etc.)
(6) How long (were) the object(s) visible? (Be specific, 5
minutes, 1 hour, etc.)
c. Manner of Observation:
1) the following items: Ground-
air-electronic. electronic, electronic,
specify type of radar.)
2) Statement as to optical aids (telescopes, binoculars, etc.)
used and description thereof. description thereof.
occurred while air-borne, give type of air- while air-borne, give type of air-
craft, identification number, altitude, heading, spe home station.
d. Time and Date of Sighting:
(1)
(2) (Use one following terms: Night,
day, dawn, dusk.)
e. I latitude and longitude of
In electrical reports, give
known landmark
ville"; "3mi SW of Blue Lake." often
occur in electrically transmitted messages, making location plots difficult
or i impossible.

estimate
(2)
reliability
g. Weather and Winds-Aloft Conditions at Time and Place of Sightings:
weather conditions
) Report from nearest AWS or U.S. Weather Bureau Office of wind
16,000', 20,000', 30,000', 50,00
3 Ceiling.
4) Visibility.
(5) Amount of cloud cover.
(6) Thunderstorms in area quadrant in which located.
(7) Vertical dient.
the sighting.
taken (such action is auth-
ized whenever feasible, and in existing air defense direct-
ives).
j. I
any air traffic or balloon releases in the area which possibly account
for the sighting.
preparing officer, including
his preliminary analysis possib the sighting(s) (See
paragraph 16.)
1. Existence of physical evidence, such as material and photographs.

Unidentified Flying Objects.
2. In arranging for Dr. Hynek's forward
COOA to TD-E, at least two weeks in advance, the dates of your
choice. Also, it would be appreciated i f quarters could
be arranged for Dr. Hynek during hi
EEEE 3. Dr. Hynek is availal bi. lyneb ss avdzlabie eo you ae lo Cose. ost.
L.
FOR THE FOR TI MMANDER MANDER
ERIC Tde JONCKHEERE
ColoneI, USAF Colonel, USAF
Deputy for Science for Science and Components

. 0
HEADQUARTERS
375OTH TECHNICAL SCHOOL, USAF (ATC)
SHEPPARD AIR FORCE BASE, TEXAS
Department of Intelligence Training
REPLY TO 1963
ATTN OF: T3-A-3 (Mr. Gisson) 23 January
SUBJECT:
TO: FTD (TD-E/LtCol Friend)
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
1. Thank you for your letter concerning Dr. J. Allen Hynek and his
availability as a guest speaker. However, we cannot schedule guest
speakers at this time due to the pending move of our training
activity to Lowry AFB. We are interested in Dr. Hynek and will
need to know the arrangement procedure for future planning. Please
forward us this information including cost factors.
2. We appreciate your sending the UFO material.
u Gut
Kuuareneh
LAWRENCE J. SUHT
LtCol, USAF
Director

Tech Tng Cen (TS-A-3) POSTAGE AND PAID
Sheppard AFB, Texas
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
•
FTD (TD-E/LtCol Friend)
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
18

ing time accurately.
2 The witness roports apeeds many tines that of sound,
but reports that the object was in the arex for an hour or so.
3. Many witnesses report that the object was viewed in 8
specific direction or moved in some specific direction, The
investigator should faniliarise hinself with the arem, have
the witness point out the direction in which the object was
seen, and determine the direction for hinself.
4. The ability of the witness to estimate angles should
be determinod. Most people tend to overestinate anglee,neasured
from the horizon. To prove this point to yourselves, have a
friend raise his ara to what he tbitks is 45 degrees elevation
and then measure it.
5. Some witnesses may be coler blind and othere may have
a color weakness of which they are Dot avare.
6. Many witnesses are under sone type of nental stress
prior to exveriencing sightings of Uro's. Carefull lnteroga-
prepare B CDOr than quegtiol him regarding any data which is
omitted.
There are many more things which can be brought out regard-
ing investi techniques, but those mention should
prompt your thinking rem-
ember to ohtain and retain the confidence ness: do
not under any circumstar ridicule the sn ported,
for it may be important Ionly appear f00l1s aportant
because of the flourish put on 1t by an over-imaginative wit-
ness,
Many of the incidents v which occur each year and are reported
as Ufo'a are observed by scientists in the areas in which the

.
TD-E/Lt Col Friend/mb/69216
UFO Program 8 January 1963
Tech Tng Cen (TS--A-1) Glisson)
Sheppard AFB Tex
1. Dr. J. Allen Hynek, USAF consultant to the Air Force UFO
Project since l94s, is available to give briefing on this
subject Course.
2. Dr. Hynek is available during two periods. These occur
the summer between June 15 and September 1 and during
the winter quarter between January and March.
3. 3. If this service is desired If this service is desired by your organization, by your organization, arrange- arrange-
ments can be made by contacting ments can be made by contacting FTD (TD-E Lt Col Friend) FTD (TD-E Lt Col Friend) and
indicating indicating those possible dates those possible dates which would conform with which would conform with your your
schedule. schedule.
FOR THE NDER DER
thend fld7 trnd Hd7 Saw63
OELA TEL ERIC T/de JONCKHEERE ERIC T/ de JONCKHEERE
Colonel, USAF
Deputy for Science ience and Components and Components

OFFICMAL FILE COPY
TD-E/Lt Col Friend/mb/692l6
UFO Program 19 December 1962
Technical Training Center (TS-A-) Mr. W. Glisson)
Sheppard AFB, Texas
Attached is the material on the USAF Unidentified Flying
Objects program requested by you for use in your train-
ing course for intelligence officers.
FOR THE CO
EDWARD H. WYNN 2 Atch
Colonel, USAF 1. UFO Briefing UFO Briefing
Deputy for Science Deputy for Science 2. Supplemental Infor-
and and Components mation

Air Intelligence Branch
Department of Intelligence Training
375Oth Technical School, USAF (ATC)
Sheppard A ce Base, Texas
29 October 1962
FTD (TD-E2B)
Attn: Major Howard F. Greene
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio
Enclosed are two copies of the syllabus for the FTD course that we
discussed on 27 September with Col Wynn and you. My apologies for
its being late, we just received it from the printers yesterday.
We are still anticipating the "Cross Check" questio when you
get it and the UFO pictures om LtCol Friend.
STEVEN R. SCHELL 1 Atch
2nd Lt, USAF 2nd Lt, USAF OTS8000-6 OTS8000-6 Syllabus (2 cys) Syllabus (2 cys)

VERSATION
4 LT COL FRIEND SEE ME
T/SGT MOODY
MRS. MORRIS SIGNATURE
REMARKS SUSPENSE
TD-EL
TD-E2
TD-E3
Ihanedone mg fach. tane.
sent thie
FROM DATE
TD-E 6Nor
Rol PHONE
DD 860 95 Replaces DD Form 94, 1 Feb 50 and DD Form 95, 1 Feb 50 which GP0 1961 : 0-596758
will be used until exhausted.

This data should not be obtained from the witnoss, bat rather
from the nearest weather station. However, any impression wbich
the witness has regarding the weether should also be included
in the report.
ZV. Major Causes of How to Identify Them
The attached chart is a breakdown of the sightings for the
year 1960. This chart i8 typical of the Iast few years.
Meteors
The object reportod most frequently as a Uro is the
Metoor. You nre all familiar with s called shooting stars,
and no doubt many of you have seen some that penetrated close
to the Earth, Some of you may have been fortunate enough to
witnees a "fire! de."
Here sre the charncte type of sighting.
any color. However, the tendenc) is toward the greens and
whites, Bome meteors have tails or trail while others don't.
The tail the metoor.
C. The flight path will almost always straight.
Thero are casUs where the oath has changed Report
initial observation and th position
where the obisct burned out or disapperred.
d. The speed, of course, gill be associated with the
duration. It may vary from as low as 6.5 miles per second to
43.5 miles per second.depending upon whother , the meteor is
overtaking the Earth or 'meeting it head-on.

which continue without a majo change in Ithough, on
rare occasions a change of directlon may be noted for several
of the preces. There may accompanyin change
in color,
2. Stars and Planets
Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and even the moon and stars (under
a variety of circumstances) have been reported as UFO'S. Again
we limit the characteristics to the 'eports. The
sighting will be of the brightest planets, or Any object
that has an extremely long duration with littl likely
to fall into this category, A good check the observer
look for the object at the Same tims on succeeding nights. Reports
of short duration do not rule out stars or planets, particularly
if they are low on the horizon aud generally the west. AS
pression .remendo apeed to elevation or
40 degrees and disappear. Inversions, layers
temperature increases with altitude enhances the chances of
distortion du tmospheric ,(atmospheric optics).
3. Other Causes
Ball lightoning, mirages, parhelia and paraselenae, and
comets and aurora are some other phenomena which may be misiden-
tified and reported as UO'3. In addition to these, many air-
craft, balloons, rockets, satellites, condensatio:
are ofton viewed under unugual circumstances ,and eported as an
UFO.
4. The Photographs
a, Comets are often confused with meteors. The meteor
is a tiny object visible for a few seconds only while in the

Though moving through space at ceoa: speete, their anparont.
movement is only g frneticit of a degtee d day relasive to
bebind it, but ny attaally preegrtit. The tail is ormed
by partfeles whieh are repuihod by ste gun, tbetforo, the
tall follows the coret durara its inlound trin and jrccedes
it during the oetioind
b.Lentieulae islouda which are formed in conjunction
with mountain waves occir wr the uppureost poiat of the Iirst
secondaryiwave. These clouds bre lons-shaped, bence thoir
name, and are stationary in an area of high wlnd These
factors probably contribute to the risidontifieation of these
clouds.'
C. C. Noctiludent cloids, Noctiludent-cloidn,
d. Aireraft flying at high apoud Aireraft flying at high spond fa a heavy haze. ia a heavy haze.
o. 0. Aurorn.
f-B f.-β. Skyhook ballxns.
h1 Galloons with eadar Balloons with adar refleotors attached. rerlootors attached.
J. Balloan tracks over Balloon tracks OVer U.S. U.S.
k. Diagram explaining horw balloons say appear as UFO
3 Atchs
I ArR 200.2. atd 20 Ju1
2copdas,subj UFO.
2 Siafjetteal Chart 1058
thes19s1
3 Brietirs photos a. thru

AFR 200-2
AIR FORCE REGULATION DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE
NO.200-2 Washington, 20 July 1962
Intelligence Activities
UN (UFO)
This regulation establishes the UFO Program to investigate and analyze UFO's over the United
States. Such investigation and analysis are directly related to Air Force responsibility for the
defense of the United States. The UFO Program provides for the prompt reporting and rapid
identification needed for successfu tification," which is the second of the four phases
of air dejense-detection, identification, interception, and destruction. All commanders will
comply strictly with this regulation.
SECTION A-GENERAL Paragraph
Explanation of Terms
Objectives.
Responsibilities 000410
Guidance...
Reporting UFC
SECTION B- RELEASES
Maintaining Public
Releasing Information 0N∞
Exceptions
Release by Non-Air Force Sources.
Contacts.. 10
SECTION REPORTS
General Information 11
Methods for Transmitting Reports 12
. Where ToS Submit Reports 13
Basic Reporting Data and Format 14
Negative or Inapplicable e Data 15
Comments of Preparing Officer 16
Classification 17
Reporting Physical Evidence. 18
SECTION -GENERAL for reports of "unknown" aircraft, which should
uniform usage in UFO screenings, investigations, (3) Aircraft fares, jet exhausts, condensa-
and reportings, an explanation objects tion trails, blinking or steady lights observed at
follows: night, lights circling or near airports and air-
a. Familiar or known objects: ways, and other phenomena or objects known
to be emanating from, or to be indications of,
(1) Aircraft, balloons, kites, birds, search- aireraft. These should not be reported under
lights, astronomical bodies (meteors, planets, this regulation, as they do not fall within the
stars, comets), pilotless aircraft, missiles, satel- definition of a UFO.
lites in orbit, and others identified by the ob- b. Unidentified Flying Objects. Any aerial
server as normal appearing objects. phenomena, airborne object or objects which are
Flying objects determined I to be air- unknown or appear out of the ordinary to the
craft. These generally appear as a result of ADIZ observer because of performance, aerodynamic
violations and often characteristics, or unusual features.
submitted by the general p public. They are read-
ily identifiable as, or known to be, aireraft, but 2. Objectives. Air Force interest in UFO's is
their type, purpose, origin, and destination are three-fold. First, as a possible threat to the se-
unknown. Air Defense Command is responsible curity of the United States and its forces; sec-
This regulation supersedes AFR 200-2, 14 September 1959, as amended.
OPI: AFCIN
DISTRIBUTION: S

investigative ac-
sightings rapidly, factually, and as completely tion necessary to submit a complete initial report
as possible. of a UFO sighting. The initial investigation will
b. Technical and Scientific. The Air Force will include every effort to resolve the sighting. An
continue to collect and analyze reports of UFO's Air Force base other than that closest to the
until all are scientifically or technically ex- scene of a reported UFO sighting will refer the
plained or until the full potential of the sight- sighting immediately to the commander of the
ings has been exploited. In performing this task nearest Air Force base for appropriate action.
the following factors are of great importance: (See paragraph 5.)
(1) To measure scientific advances, the Air c. Analysis. The Air Force Systems Command
Force must have the latest experimental and de- Foreign Technology Division will analyze and
velopmental information on new or unique air evaluate:
vehicles or weapons. (1) Information and evidence reported
The possibility exists that foreign within the United States after the investigators
countries may develop air vehicles of revolu- of the responsible Air Force base nearest the
tionary configuration or propulsion. sighting have exhausted their efforts to identify
the UFO.
(3) There is need for further scientific (2) Information and evidence collected in
knowledge in such felds as geophysics, astron- oversea areas.
omy, and physics of the upper atmosphere which
the study and analysis of UFO's and similar EXCEPTION: The AFSC (FTD), independ-
aerial phenomena may provide. ently or in participation with pertinent Air
(4) The reporting of all pertinent factors Force activities, may conduct any additional
will have a direct bearing on scientific analyses investigations necessary to further or conclude
and conclusions of UFO sightings. its analyses or findings.
c. Reduction of Percentage of UFO "Uniden- d. Findings. AFSC TD) will prepare a final
tifieds." Air Force activities must reduce the per- report on each sighting after collection and anal-
centage of unidentifieds to the minimum. Analy- ysis of data, and will forward a cop py of the re-
sis thus far has explained all but a few of the port to HQ USAF (AFCIN).
sightings reported. These unexplained sightings e. Public Relations and Information Services.
are carried statistically as unidentifieds. If more The Office of Information, Office of the Secretary
immediate, detailed, óbjective data on the un- of the Air Force, will be responsible for re-
knowns had been available, probably these, too, leasing information on sightings, and, in coordi-
could have been explained. However, because of nation with AFSC (FTD), answering corre-
the human factors involved, and the fact that spondence from the public regarding UFO's. (See
analyses of UFO sightings depend primarily on paragraphs 7 and 8.)
the personal impressions and interpretations of f. Congressional In uries. The
the observers rather than on accurate scientific islative Liaison will:
data or facts obtained under controlled condi-
tions, the elimination of all unidentifieds is im- (1) In coordination with the AFSC (FTD)
probable. and/or the Office of Information, when neces-
sary, answer all congressional mail regarding
3. Responsibilities: UFO's addressed to the Secretary of the Air
a. Reporting. Base commanders will report all Force and Headquarters USAF.
information and evi of UFO sightings, in- (2) Forward those inquiries which are sci-
cluding information and evidence received from entific and technical to the FTD for informa-
other services, Government agencies, and civil- tion on which to base a reply. The FTD will re-
2